Upper Structure Voicings

Both Hands·Advanced·Difficulty 4/5

Upper structure triads are covered in detail by Levine (The Jazz Piano Book, pp. 115-130). The technique places a major or minor triad above the tritone of a dominant chord to produce specific altered tensions.

What it is

Upper structure voicings split the chord into two simple parts: the left hand plays the tritone (3rd + 7th of a dominant chord) while the right hand plays a major triad. The triad adds altered extensions — which ones depend on which triad you choose. It is the most elegant way to voice complex altered dominants.

How to build it

LH: 3rd + 7th of the dominant chord (the tritone). RH: a major triad built on bII, bIII, IV, #IV, bVI, or VI above the root. Each triad produces different altered colours.

When to use it

Over dominant 7th chords when you want altered colours (b9, #9, #11, b13). Essential for jazz ballads, turnarounds, and any time you resolve to a tonic. The beauty is cognitive simplification — you think 'triad over tritone' instead of remembering individual altered notes.

Examples

G7Upper Structure
C7Upper Structure
Stage 6Upper Structure Triads — Learning Path
Try a ii-V-I with this style

Standards that work well with this style

Related voicing styles

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Sources & Further Reading